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Lots of other Scientologist-run services and organizations belong to the umbrella company World Institute of Scientology Enterprises (WISE), which accredits using Hubbard's management doctrines, and circulates directories of WISE-affiliated organizations. WISE needs those who wish to become Hubbard management seeks advice from to complete training in Hubbard's administrative systems; this training can be carried out at any Church of Scientology, or at one of the campuses of the Hubbard College of Administration, which offers a Partner of Applied Science Degree.


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Another popular WISE-affiliated business is e. Republic, a publishing company based in Folsom, California. e. Republic publications include Government Innovation and Converge publications. The Center for Digital Federal government is a department of e. Republic that was established in 1999. Web ISP EarthLink was established by Scientologists Sky Dayton and Reed Slatkin as a Scientology business.


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This area needs expansion. You can help by contributing to it. In order to facilitate the continued growth of Scientology, the Church has made efforts to win allies in the form of powerful or highly regarded individuals. Scientology. Though it has achieved some trustworthiness as a faith in many countries, Scientology has actually also been described as both a cult and a company.


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For instance, it has been kept in mind to engage in harassment and abuse of civil courts to silence its critics, by recognizing as Level playing field individuals it perceives as its opponents. In 1979, a number of Scientology members were convicted for their involvement in the church's Operation Snow White, the largest theft of federal government files in U.S.


Scientologists were likewise convicted of fraud, manslaughter and tampering with witnesses in French cases, destructive libel versus legal representative Casey Hill and espionage in Canada. In his book World Religious beliefs in America, spiritual scholar Jacob Neusner mentions that Scientology's "high level of visibility" might be viewed as "threatening to established social organizations".


From 1952 up until 1966, Scientology was administered by an organization called the Hubbard Association of Scientologists (HAS ACTUALLY), developed in Arizona on September 10, 1952. In 1954, the HAS became the HASI (HAS International). The Church of Scientology was included in California on February 18, 1954, changing its name to "The Church of Scientology of California" (CSC) in 1956.


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In 1967, the IRS removed all US-based Scientology entities of their tax exemption, declaring Scientology's activities were industrial and operated for the advantage of Hubbard. Controversy followed the church on those years, however its growth continued in the 1960s. New churches were formed in Paris (1959 ), Denmark (1968 ), Sweden (1969 ), and Germany (1970 ).


Centers of Scientology were in 52 countries by the time the 80s came in and grew to 74 by 1992. The church took legal action against and lost repeatedly for 26 years attempting to restore its tax-exempt status. check over here The case was eventually settled in 1993, at which time the church paid $12. 5 million to the IRSgreatly less than Internal Revenue Service had at first demandedand the IRS acknowledged the church as a tax-exempt nonprofit organization.


Scientology mentions its tax exemption as evidence the United States government accepts it as a religious beliefs. In January 2009, elimination of the tax exemption was ranked as number 9 in items for the incoming Barack Obama administration to examine, as determined in a web poll run by the presidential shift team soliciting public input for the inbound administration.


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State Department has actually criticized Western European countries for discrimination versus Scientologists in its released yearly International Religious Flexibility report, based on the International Religious Flexibility Act of 1998. In some countries Scientology is treated legally as an industrial enterprise, and not as a religious beliefs or charitable organization. [] In early 2003, in Germany, The Church of Scientology was granted a tax-exemption for the 10% license fees sent to the United States. The word Scientology (and lots of associated terms, consisting of L. Ron Hubbard) is a signed up hallmark. Religious Technology Center, the owner of the trademarks and copyrights, takes a hard line on people and groups who try to utilize it in ways unaffiliated with the official Church (see Scientology and the legal system).


Ron Hubbard selected Mary Sue Hubbard to take control of specific aspects of legal defense for the CoS in 1968 and the Workplace of The Guardian was produced with its head office positioned at Saint Hill Manor - Scientology Perth. Under The Guardian's Workplace (later renamed the Workplace of Special Affairs or OSA), Church members and contracted staff from Bureau One later arranged and dedicated one of the largest penetration of United States federal agencies ever committed by a company not connected with a foreign federal government (that is, one such as the KGB).


In the trial which followed article the discovery of these activities the prosecution explained their actions as such: The crime committed by these defendants is of a breadth and scope previously unheard of. No building, office, desk, or file was safe from their snooping and prying. No individual or company was devoid of their despicable conspiratorial minds.


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The Church has likewise in the past used aggressive strategies in resolving those it views as trying to suppress them, referred to as Suppressive Individuals (SPs) initially detailed by Hubbard as part of a policy called fair game. Scientology. It was under this policy that Paulette Cooper was targeted for having actually authored, hop over to here a 1970 expos book about the Church and its founder.


Utilizing blank paper understood to have been handled by Cooper, Scientologists created bomb threats in her name. When finger prints on them matched hers, the Justice Department started prosecution, which could have sent out Cooper to prison for a lengthy term. The Church's strategy was found at the exact same time as its Operation Snow White actions were revealed.

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